ABSTRACT
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) caused the burden of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and spread all of the world. Evaluation of antibodies is the most typical diagnostic method is utilized to detect SARS-COV-2. Quick and high-specific diagnosis of specific antibodies can be the best way to evaluate the vaccine efficiency and decrease the number of the disease. In this study, before discussing the types of biosensors designed for the specific detection of SARS CoV-2 virus in these few years, we have summarized the serological methods in antibody detection and pointed out some of its advantages and disadvantages. In recent decade, biosensors have appeared to complement ELISA and PCR for pathogen detection. In two years ago, Electrochemical, colorimetric and fluorescence biosensors based on various nanomaterials are developed for SARS-COV-2 specific Abs detection with high specificity and sensitivity. This article specifically deals with the detection of specific antibodies of Covid-19 by biosensor methods and it is an update of similar articles. Considering that one of our goals was to investigate new biosensor methods for diagnosis, we tried to select studies related to Covid-19 specific Abs mostly between 2019 and 2021. © 2022 by CEE.
ABSTRACT
Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) has affected people of various age groups with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic mild, moderate to severe symptoms. Patients with mild symptoms require no medical intervention whereas moderate or severe symptoms require hospitalization and medical management. The following case report discusses the recovery of a COVID-19 patient with moderate symptoms. In a COVID dedicated tertiary care hospital in Ha'il region, Saudi Arabia. Physiotherapy has a great role as a part of a multidisciplinary team in the management of patients with respiratory and physical problems. The report mainly presents the impact of the physiotherapy role in the recovery of the patient and improving his physical and psychological status.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study is an attempt to detect the psychological impact of (COVID-19) among Taif University students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Taif University students using Google Forms questionnaire in the period from May to December 2020. The questionnaire was designed to assess psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the time of the lockdown and curfew. 619 participants age ranged from 18-30 years were eligible to participate in this study. This study was carried out using well-structured electronic questionnaire contain socio-demographic characteristics and psychological health parameters (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)). Results: This study revealed a significant correlation between age and depression;age 18-21 years old showed higher frequency of mild to moderate and severe to very severe depression than age 22-30 years old (p>0.003). Similarly, there was a significant correlation between age and stress among participants;age 18-21 years old, showed higher frequency of severe to very severe stress and anxiety compared to aged 22-30 years (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between gender, nationality and marital status. Regarding the type of education, there was a significant correlation between medical students and depression (p > 0.06). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that there was a significant association between age, depression and stress and non- significant relation between gender, nationality and marital status, while there was a significant correlation between medical students and depression.
ABSTRACT
By the end of 2019 and the initial of 2020, similar symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic are presented in China. Extraordinarily, COVID-19 has extensively spread worldwide within the last three months affecting humans' life and causing permanently a fearing sensation among all populations. All agencies worldwide recommended their populations to stay home to prevent and terminate this fatal infectious disease. During exposure to any pandemic infectious disease over history, many modalities of the treatment were reported to control and prevent its prevalence such as improving the public health, rehydration, and vaccinations that became the ideal strategies to exterminate these infectious diseases. No treatment modalities were reported to prevent or control the COVID-19 infection. Therefore, we have to highlight the role of physical therapy and rehabilitation against the outbreak of viral infection. This manuscript suggests that physical therapy and rehabilitation may eliminate the common harmful respiratory, circulatory, and physical complications that follow the exposure to viral infections. Also, it explains that the rehabilitation program may present an effective approach to retrieve physical and psychological functions besides medical treatment. In conclusion, serious recommendations have to be considered for conducting exercise training and telerehabilitation to prevent and control the outbreak of COVID-19.